--- _id: '3488' abstract: - lang: eng text: ' Exchange bias (EB) is a unidirectional anisotropy occurring in exchange-coupled ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic systems, such as thin films, core–shell particles, or nanostructures. In addition to a horizontal shift of the hysteresis loop, defining the exchange bias, asymmetric loops and even vertical shifts can often be found. While the effect is used in hard disk read heads and several spintronics applications, its origin is still not fully understood. Especially in nanostructures with their additional shape anisotropies, interesting and often unexpected effects can occur. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent experimental findings and theoretical models of exchange bias in nanostructures from different materials.' article_number: '2418' article_type: review author: - first_name: Tomasz full_name: Blachowicz, Tomasz last_name: Blachowicz - first_name: Andrea full_name: Ehrmann, Andrea id: '223776' last_name: Ehrmann orcid: 0000-0003-0695-3905 - first_name: Martin full_name: Wortmann, Martin last_name: Wortmann citation: alphadin: 'Blachowicz, Tomasz ; Ehrmann, Andrea ; Wortmann, Martin: Exchange Bias in Nanostructures: An Update. In: Nanomaterials Bd. 13, MDPI AG (2023), Nr. 17' ama: 'Blachowicz T, Ehrmann A, Wortmann M. Exchange Bias in Nanostructures: An Update. Nanomaterials. 2023;13(17). doi:10.3390/nano13172418' apa: 'Blachowicz, T., Ehrmann, A., & Wortmann, M. (2023). Exchange Bias in Nanostructures: An Update. Nanomaterials, 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13172418' bibtex: '@article{Blachowicz_Ehrmann_Wortmann_2023, title={Exchange Bias in Nanostructures: An Update}, volume={13}, DOI={10.3390/nano13172418}, number={172418}, journal={Nanomaterials}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Blachowicz, Tomasz and Ehrmann, Andrea and Wortmann, Martin}, year={2023} }' chicago: 'Blachowicz, Tomasz, Andrea Ehrmann, and Martin Wortmann. “Exchange Bias in Nanostructures: An Update.” Nanomaterials 13, no. 17 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13172418.' ieee: 'T. Blachowicz, A. Ehrmann, and M. Wortmann, “Exchange Bias in Nanostructures: An Update,” Nanomaterials, vol. 13, no. 17, 2023.' mla: 'Blachowicz, Tomasz, et al. “Exchange Bias in Nanostructures: An Update.” Nanomaterials, vol. 13, no. 17, 2418, MDPI AG, 2023, doi:10.3390/nano13172418.' short: T. Blachowicz, A. Ehrmann, M. Wortmann, Nanomaterials 13 (2023). date_created: 2023-08-25T20:22:10Z date_updated: 2023-08-29T13:26:56Z doi: 10.3390/nano13172418 file: - access_level: open_access content_type: application/pdf creator: aehrmann date_created: 2023-08-25T20:21:46Z date_updated: 2023-08-25T20:21:46Z file_id: '3489' file_name: _2023_Blachowicz_Nanomaterials13_2418.pdf file_size: 4869440 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2023-08-25T20:21:46Z funded_apc: '1' has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 13' issue: '17' keyword: - exchange bias (EB) - hysteresis loop shift - coercivity - ferromagnet - antiferromagnet - coercive field - asymmetric hysteresis loop language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13172418 oa: '1' publication: Nanomaterials publication_identifier: eissn: - 2079-4991 publication_status: published publisher: MDPI AG quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Exchange Bias in Nanostructures: An Update' tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: '245590' volume: 13 year: '2023' ... --- _id: '1579' abstract: - lang: eng text: Asymmetric hysteresis loops can be found in exchange-bias systems in which a ferromagnet is exchange-coupled with an antiferromagnet. In purely ferromagnetic samples, such effects can occur due to undetected minor loops or thermal effects. While the exchange bias is long established in hard-disk read/write heads and diverse spintronics applications, minor loops are sometimes used for the calculation of first order reversal curves (FORCs). Reports about their technological relevance, however, are scarce. Here we report on micromagnetic simulations of a nanoparticle with areas of varying height, consisting of tessellations of a defined area, in which the shape anisotropy in narrow higher lines opposes magnetization reversal stronger than in the larger, lower areas between, thus interacting similar to hard/soft magnetic materials although consisting of the same material and thus having identical magneto-crystalline anisotropy. After saturating this nanostructure by a strong magnetic field pulse, distinctly asymmetric, horizontally shifted hysteresis loops can be recognized, especially in the transverse magnetization component. We show the influence of the external magnetic field orientation on this asymmetry. article_number: '168929' article_type: original author: - first_name: Andrea full_name: Ehrmann, Andrea id: '223776' last_name: Ehrmann orcid: 0000-0003-0695-3905 orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0003-0695-3905/work/105572395 - first_name: T. full_name: Blachowicz, T. last_name: Blachowicz citation: alphadin: 'Ehrmann, Andrea ; Blachowicz, T.: Magnetization reversal asymmetry in a structured ferromagnetic nanoparticle with varying shape anisotropy. In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Bd. 546, Elsevier BV (2022)' ama: Ehrmann A, Blachowicz T. Magnetization reversal asymmetry in a structured ferromagnetic nanoparticle with varying shape anisotropy. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2022;546. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168929 apa: Ehrmann, A., & Blachowicz, T. (2022). Magnetization reversal asymmetry in a structured ferromagnetic nanoparticle with varying shape anisotropy. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168929 bibtex: '@article{Ehrmann_Blachowicz_2022, title={Magnetization reversal asymmetry in a structured ferromagnetic nanoparticle with varying shape anisotropy}, volume={546}, DOI={10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168929}, number={168929}, journal={Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ehrmann, Andrea and Blachowicz, T.}, year={2022} }' chicago: Ehrmann, Andrea, and T. Blachowicz. “Magnetization Reversal Asymmetry in a Structured Ferromagnetic Nanoparticle with Varying Shape Anisotropy.” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 546 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168929. ieee: A. Ehrmann and T. Blachowicz, “Magnetization reversal asymmetry in a structured ferromagnetic nanoparticle with varying shape anisotropy,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 546, 2022. mla: Ehrmann, Andrea, and T. Blachowicz. “Magnetization Reversal Asymmetry in a Structured Ferromagnetic Nanoparticle with Varying Shape Anisotropy.” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 546, 168929, Elsevier BV, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168929. short: A. Ehrmann, T. Blachowicz, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 546 (2022). date_created: 2022-01-01T12:48:51Z date_updated: 2023-06-15T11:44:04Z department: - _id: '103' doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168929 intvolume: ' 546' keyword: - Pseudo-exchange bias Micromagnetic simulation Hysteresis loops Magnetic nanostructure Tessellation language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168929 publication: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials publication_identifier: issn: - '03048853' publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier BV quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Magnetization reversal asymmetry in a structured ferromagnetic nanoparticle with varying shape anisotropy type: journal_article user_id: '245590' volume: 546 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '1611' abstract: - lang: eng text: " Horizontally shifted and asymmetric hysteresis loops are often associated with exchange-biased samples, consisting of a ferromagnet exchange-coupled with an antiferromagnet. In purely ferromagnetic samples, such effects can occur due to undetected minor loops or thermal effects. Simulations of ferromagnetic nanostructures at zero temperature with sufficiently large saturation fields should not lead to such asymmetries. Here we report on micromagnetic simulations at zero temperature, performed on sputtered nanoparticles with different shapes. The small deviations of the systems due to random anisotropy orientations in the different grains can not only result in strong deviations of magnetization reversal processes and hysteresis loops, but also to distinctly asymmetric, horizontally shifted hysteresis loops in purely ferromagnetic nanoparticles.\r\n " article_number: '13' article_type: original author: - first_name: Joscha full_name: Detzmeier, Joscha last_name: Detzmeier - first_name: Kevin full_name: Königer, Kevin last_name: Königer - first_name: Andrea full_name: Ehrmann, Andrea id: '223776' last_name: Ehrmann orcid: 0000-0003-0695-3905 orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0003-0695-3905/work/105571903 citation: alphadin: 'Detzmeier, Joscha ; Königer, Kevin ; Ehrmann, Andrea: Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops and Horizontal Loop Shifts in Purely Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles. In: Materials Proceedings Bd. 4, MDPI AG (2021), Nr. 1' ama: Detzmeier J, Königer K, Ehrmann A. Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops and Horizontal Loop Shifts in Purely Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles. Materials Proceedings. 2021;4(1). doi:10.3390/IOCN2020-07836 apa: Detzmeier, J., Königer, K., & Ehrmann, A. (2021). Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops and Horizontal Loop Shifts in Purely Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles. Materials Proceedings, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2020-07836 bibtex: '@article{Detzmeier_Königer_Ehrmann_2021, title={Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops and Horizontal Loop Shifts in Purely Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles}, volume={4}, DOI={10.3390/IOCN2020-07836}, number={113}, journal={Materials Proceedings}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Detzmeier, Joscha and Königer, Kevin and Ehrmann, Andrea}, year={2021} }' chicago: Detzmeier, Joscha, Kevin Königer, and Andrea Ehrmann. “Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops and Horizontal Loop Shifts in Purely Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles.” Materials Proceedings 4, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2020-07836. ieee: J. Detzmeier, K. Königer, and A. Ehrmann, “Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops and Horizontal Loop Shifts in Purely Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles,” Materials Proceedings, vol. 4, no. 1, 2021. mla: Detzmeier, Joscha, et al. “Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops and Horizontal Loop Shifts in Purely Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles.” Materials Proceedings, vol. 4, no. 1, 13, MDPI AG, 2021, doi:10.3390/IOCN2020-07836. short: J. Detzmeier, K. Königer, A. Ehrmann, Materials Proceedings 4 (2021). date_created: 2022-01-01T14:21:55Z date_updated: 2022-01-01T15:03:42Z department: - _id: '103' doi: 10.3390/IOCN2020-07836 intvolume: ' 4' issue: '1' keyword: - pseudo-exchange bias - minor loop - micromagnetic simulation - OOMMF - spintronics language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCN2020-07836 oa: '1' publication: Materials Proceedings publication_identifier: eissn: - 2673-4605 publication_status: published publisher: MDPI AG quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops and Horizontal Loop Shifts in Purely Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: '223776' volume: 4 year: '2021' ... --- _id: '1614' abstract: - lang: eng text: " Horizontally shifted and asymmetric hysteresis loops are often associated with exchange-biased samples, consisting of a ferromagnet exchange coupled with an antiferromagnet. In purely ferromagnetic samples, such effects can occur due to undetected minor loops or thermal effects. Simulations of ferromagnetic nanostructures at zero temperature with sufficiently large saturation fields should not lead to such asymmetries. Here we report on micromagnetic simulations at zero temperature, performed on sputtered nanoparticles with different structures. The small deviations of the systems due to random anisotropy orientations in the different grains can not only result in strong deviations of magnetization reversal processes and hysteresis loops, but also lead to distinctly asymmetric, horizontally shifted hysteresis loops in purely ferromagnetic nanoparticles.\r\n " article_number: '800' article_type: original author: - first_name: Joscha full_name: Detzmeier, Joscha last_name: Detzmeier - first_name: Kevin full_name: Königer, Kevin last_name: Königer - first_name: Tomasz full_name: Blachowicz, Tomasz last_name: Blachowicz - first_name: Andrea full_name: Ehrmann, Andrea id: '223776' last_name: Ehrmann orcid: 0000-0003-0695-3905 orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0003-0695-3905/work/105571822 citation: alphadin: 'Detzmeier, Joscha ; Königer, Kevin ; Blachowicz, Tomasz ; Ehrmann, Andrea: Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops in Structured Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles with Hard/Soft Areas. In: Nanomaterials Bd. 11, MDPI AG (2021), Nr. 3' ama: Detzmeier J, Königer K, Blachowicz T, Ehrmann A. Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops in Structured Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles with Hard/Soft Areas. Nanomaterials. 2021;11(3). doi:10.3390/nano11030800 apa: Detzmeier, J., Königer, K., Blachowicz, T., & Ehrmann, A. (2021). Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops in Structured Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles with Hard/Soft Areas. Nanomaterials, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030800 bibtex: '@article{Detzmeier_Königer_Blachowicz_Ehrmann_2021, title={Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops in Structured Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles with Hard/Soft Areas}, volume={11}, DOI={10.3390/nano11030800}, number={3800}, journal={Nanomaterials}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Detzmeier, Joscha and Königer, Kevin and Blachowicz, Tomasz and Ehrmann, Andrea}, year={2021} }' chicago: Detzmeier, Joscha, Kevin Königer, Tomasz Blachowicz, and Andrea Ehrmann. “Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops in Structured Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles with Hard/Soft Areas.” Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030800. ieee: J. Detzmeier, K. Königer, T. Blachowicz, and A. Ehrmann, “Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops in Structured Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles with Hard/Soft Areas,” Nanomaterials, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021. mla: Detzmeier, Joscha, et al. “Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops in Structured Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles with Hard/Soft Areas.” Nanomaterials, vol. 11, no. 3, 800, MDPI AG, 2021, doi:10.3390/nano11030800. short: J. Detzmeier, K. Königer, T. Blachowicz, A. Ehrmann, Nanomaterials 11 (2021). date_created: 2022-01-01T14:26:01Z date_updated: 2022-01-01T15:02:14Z department: - _id: '103' doi: 10.3390/nano11030800 intvolume: ' 11' issue: '3' keyword: - pseudo-exchange bias - minor loop - micromagnetic simulation - OOMMF - spintronics language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030800 oa: '1' publication: Nanomaterials publication_identifier: eissn: - 2079-4991 publication_status: published publisher: MDPI AG quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops in Structured Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles with Hard/Soft Areas tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: '223776' volume: 11 year: '2021' ... --- _id: '1627' abstract: - lang: eng text: " The exchange bias (EB) is an effect occurring in coupled ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic materials of diverse shapes, from core–shell nanoparticles to stacked nanostructures and thin films. The interface coupling typically results in a horizontal—often also vertical—shift of the hysteresis loop, combined with an increased coercivity, as compared to the pure ferromagnet, and the possibility of asymmetric hysteresis loops. Several models have been developed since its discovery in 1956 which still have some drawbacks and some unexplained points, while exchange bias systems are at the same time being used in hard drive read heads and are part of highly important elements for spintronics applications. Here, we give an update of new theoretical models and experimental findings regarding exchange bias phenomena in thin films during the last years, including new material combinations in which an exchange bias was found.\r\n " article_number: '122' article_type: review author: - first_name: Tomasz full_name: Blachowicz, Tomasz last_name: Blachowicz - first_name: Andrea full_name: Ehrmann, Andrea id: '223776' last_name: Ehrmann orcid: 0000-0003-0695-3905 orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0003-0695-3905/work/105571370 citation: alphadin: 'Blachowicz, Tomasz ; Ehrmann, Andrea: Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update. In: Coatings Bd. 11, MDPI AG (2021), Nr. 2' ama: Blachowicz T, Ehrmann A. Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update. Coatings. 2021;11(2). doi:10.3390/coatings11020122 apa: Blachowicz, T., & Ehrmann, A. (2021). Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update. Coatings, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020122 bibtex: '@article{Blachowicz_Ehrmann_2021, title={Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update}, volume={11}, DOI={10.3390/coatings11020122}, number={2122}, journal={Coatings}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Blachowicz, Tomasz and Ehrmann, Andrea}, year={2021} }' chicago: Blachowicz, Tomasz, and Andrea Ehrmann. “Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update.” Coatings 11, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020122. ieee: T. Blachowicz and A. Ehrmann, “Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update,” Coatings, vol. 11, no. 2, 2021. mla: Blachowicz, Tomasz, and Andrea Ehrmann. “Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update.” Coatings, vol. 11, no. 2, 122, MDPI AG, 2021, doi:10.3390/coatings11020122. short: T. Blachowicz, A. Ehrmann, Coatings 11 (2021). date_created: 2022-01-01T14:40:31Z date_updated: 2022-01-01T14:54:33Z department: - _id: '103' doi: 10.3390/coatings11020122 intvolume: ' 11' issue: '2' keyword: - exchange bias (EB) - ferromagnet - antiferromagnet - coercivity - coercive field - hysteresis loop shift - asymmetric hysteresis loop - domain state model language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020122 oa: '1' publication: Coatings publication_identifier: eissn: - 2079-6412 publication_status: published publisher: MDPI AG quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Exchange Bias in Thin Films—An Update tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: '223776' volume: 11 year: '2021' ... --- _id: '678' abstract: - lang: eng text: Asymmetric magnetic hysteresis loops are usually found in exchange bias (EB) systems, typically after field cooling a system below the Néel temperature of an antiferromagnet exchange coupled to a ferromagnet. Alternatively, asymmetric hysteresis loops may occur due to undetected minor loops or in systems with a rotational anisotropy. Here, we report on an exchange bias thin film system MgO(100)/Co/CoO, examined at room temperature, which is far above the blocking temperature, by the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). While the longitudinal hysteresis loops partly show steps which are well-known from diverse purely ferromagnetic systems, the transverse hysteresis loops exhibit clear asymmetries, similar to exchange biased systems at low temperatures, and unusual transverse magnetization values at saturation. Since minor loops and a rotational anisotropy can be excluded in this case, this asymmetry can possibly be a residue of the exchange bias coupling at lower temperatures. article_number: '71' article_type: original author: - first_name: Andrea full_name: Ehrmann, Andrea last_name: Ehrmann - first_name: Tomasz full_name: Blachowicz, Tomasz last_name: Blachowicz date_created: 2021-01-03T17:47:40Z date_updated: 2021-01-18T15:32:28Z ddc: - '620' department: - _id: '103' doi: 10.3390/condmat5040071 file: - access_level: open_access content_type: application/pdf creator: aehrmann date_created: 2021-01-03T17:47:11Z date_updated: 2021-01-03T17:47:11Z file_id: '679' file_name: _2020_Ehrmann_CondensMatter05_71v2.pdf file_size: 1118449 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2021-01-03T17:47:11Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 5' issue: '4' keyword: - exchange bias - rotatable anisotropy - blocking temperature - minor loops - Co/CoO language: - iso: eng oa: '1' publication: Condensed Matter publication_identifier: issn: - 2410-3896 publication_status: published quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Asymmetric Hysteresis Loops in Co Thin Films type: journal_article user_id: '223776' volume: 5 year: '2020' ... --- _id: '684' abstract: - lang: eng text: Horizontally shifted and asymmetric hysteresis loops are often associated with exchange-biased samples, consisting of a ferromagnet exchange-coupled with an antiferromagnet. In purely ferromagnetic samples, such effects can occur due to undetected minor loops or thermal effects. Simulations of ferromagnetic nanostructures at zero temperature with sufficiently large saturation fields should not lead to such asymmetries. Here we report on micromagnetic simulations at zero temperature, performed on sputtered nanoparticles with different shapes. The small deviations of the systems due to random anisotropy orientations in the different grains can not only result in strong deviations of magnetization reversal processes and hysteresis loops, but also to distinctly asymmetric, horizontally shifted hysteresis loops in purely ferromagnetic nanoparticles. author: - first_name: 'Joscha ' full_name: 'Detzmeier, Joscha ' last_name: Detzmeier - first_name: 'Kevin ' full_name: 'Königer, Kevin ' last_name: Königer - first_name: Andrea full_name: Ehrmann, Andrea id: '223776' last_name: Ehrmann orcid: 0000-0003-0695-3905 conference: end_date: 30 November 2020 location: online name: 2nd International Online-Conference on Nanomaterials start_date: 15 November 2020 date_created: 2021-01-03T17:59:28Z date_updated: 2021-01-18T15:32:28Z ddc: - '620' department: - _id: '103' file: - access_level: open_access content_type: application/pdf creator: aehrmann date_created: 2021-01-03T17:58:31Z date_updated: 2021-01-03T17:58:31Z file_id: '685' file_name: 2020_Detzmeier_Sciforum.pdf file_size: 506951 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2021-01-03T17:58:31Z has_accepted_license: '1' keyword: - pseudo-exchange bias - minor loop - micromagnetic simulation - OOMMF - spintronics language: - iso: eng oa: '1' publication: 2nd International Online-Conference on Nanomaterials publication_status: published publisher: MDPI quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: ' Asymmetric hysteresis loops and horizontal loop shifts in purely ferromagnetic nanoparticles' type: conference user_id: '223776' year: '2020' ...