---
_id: '522'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Electrospinning can be used to produce nanofiber mats. One of the often used
polymers for electrospinning is polyacrylonitrile (PAN), especially for the production
of carbon nanofibers, but also for a diverse number of other applications. For
some of these applications—e.g., creation of nano-filters—the dimensional stability
of the nanofiber mats is crucial. While relaxation processes—especially dry, wet
and washing relaxation—are well-known and often investigated for knitted fabrics,
the dimensional stability of nanofiber mats has not yet been investigated. Here
we report on the wet relaxation of PAN nanofiber mats, which are dependent on
spinning and solution parameters such as: voltage, electrode distance, nanofiber
mat thickness, and solid content in the solution. Our results show that wet relaxation
has a significant effect on the samples, resulting in a dimensional change that
has to be taken into account for nanofiber mats in wet applications. While the
first and second soaking in pure water resulted in an increase of the nanofiber
mat area up to approximately 5%, the dried sample, after the second soaking, conversely
showed an area reduced by a maximum of 5%. For soaking in soap water, small areal
decreases between approximately 1–4% were measured.'
article_number: '23'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Timo
full_name: Grothe, Timo
id: '221330'
last_name: Grothe
orcid: 0000-0002-9099-4277
orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0002-9099-4277/work/94763690
- first_name: Lilia
full_name: Sabantina, Lilia
last_name: Sabantina
- first_name: Michaela
full_name: Klöcker, Michaela
last_name: Klöcker
- first_name: Irén
full_name: Juhász Junger, Irén
last_name: Juhász Junger
- first_name: Christoph
full_name: Döpke, Christoph
last_name: Döpke
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Ehrmann, Andrea
id: '223776'
last_name: Ehrmann
orcid: 0000-0003-0695-3905
orcid_put_code_url: https://api.orcid.org/v2.0/0000-0003-0695-3905/work/94763691
citation:
alphadin: 'Grothe, Timo ; Sabantina,
Lilia ; Klöcker, Michaela
; Juhász Junger, Irén ; Döpke,
Christoph ; Ehrmann, Andrea:
Wet relaxation of electrospun nanofiber mats. In: Technologies Bd. 7 (2019),
Nr. 1'
ama: Grothe T, Sabantina L, Klöcker M, Juhász Junger I, Döpke C, Ehrmann A. Wet
relaxation of electrospun nanofiber mats. Technologies . 2019;7(1). doi:10.3390/technologies7010023
apa: Grothe, T., Sabantina, L., Klöcker, M., Juhász Junger, I., Döpke, C., &
Ehrmann, A. (2019). Wet relaxation of electrospun nanofiber mats. Technologies
, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies7010023
bibtex: '@article{Grothe_Sabantina_Klöcker_Juhász Junger_Döpke_Ehrmann_2019, title={Wet
relaxation of electrospun nanofiber mats}, volume={7}, DOI={10.3390/technologies7010023},
number={123}, journal={Technologies }, author={Grothe, Timo and Sabantina, Lilia
and Klöcker, Michaela and Juhász Junger, Irén and Döpke, Christoph and Ehrmann,
Andrea}, year={2019} }'
chicago: Grothe, Timo, Lilia Sabantina, Michaela Klöcker, Irén Juhász Junger, Christoph
Döpke, and Andrea Ehrmann. “Wet Relaxation of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats.” Technologies
7, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies7010023.
ieee: T. Grothe, L. Sabantina, M. Klöcker, I. Juhász Junger, C. Döpke, and A. Ehrmann,
“Wet relaxation of electrospun nanofiber mats,” Technologies , vol. 7,
no. 1, 2019.
mla: Grothe, Timo, et al. “Wet Relaxation of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats.” Technologies
, vol. 7, no. 1, 23, 2019, doi:10.3390/technologies7010023.
short: T. Grothe, L. Sabantina, M. Klöcker, I. Juhász Junger, C. Döpke, A. Ehrmann,
Technologies 7 (2019).
date_created: 2019-05-30T20:43:16Z
date_updated: 2021-06-01T09:09:00Z
department:
- _id: '103'
doi: 10.3390/technologies7010023
file:
- access_level: open_access
content_type: application/pdf
creator: aehrmann
date_created: 2019-05-30T20:43:03Z
date_updated: 2019-05-30T20:43:03Z
file_id: '523'
file_name: _2019_Grothe_technologies7_23.pdf
file_size: 3341045
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2019-05-30T20:43:03Z
funded_apc: '1'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 7'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- electrospinning
- filter
- wet relaxation
- dimensions
- polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
publication: 'Technologies '
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Wet relaxation of electrospun nanofiber mats
type: journal_article
user_id: '237837'
volume: 7
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '599'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Electrospinning is a well-known technology used to create nanofiber mats
from diverse polymers and other materials. Due to their large surface-to-volume
ratio, such nanofiber mats are often applied as air or water filters. Especially
the latter, however, have to be mechanically highly stable, which is challenging
for common nanofiber mats. One of the approaches to overcome this problem is gluing
them on top of more rigid objects, integrating them in composites, or reinforcing
them using other technologies to avoid damage due to the water pressure. Here,
we suggest another solution. While direct 3D printing with the fused deposition
modeling (FDM) technique on macroscopic textile fabrics has been under examination
by several research groups for years, here we report on direct FDM printing on
nanofiber mats for the first time. We show that by choosing the proper height
of the printing nozzle above the nanofiber mat, printing is possible for raw polyacrylonitrile
(PAN) nanofiber mats, as well as for stabilized and even more brittle carbonized
material. Under these conditions, the adhesion between both parts of the composite
is high enough to prevent the nanofiber mat from being peeled off the 3D printed
polymer. Abrasion tests emphasize the significantly increased mechanical properties,
while contact angle examinations reveal a hydrophilicity between the original
values of the electrospun and the 3D printed materials. '
article_number: '1618'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tomasz
full_name: Kozior, Tomasz
last_name: Kozior
- first_name: Marah
full_name: Trabelsi, Marah
last_name: Trabelsi
- first_name: Al
full_name: Mamun, Al
last_name: Mamun
- first_name: Lilia
full_name: Sabantina, Lilia
last_name: Sabantina
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Ehrmann, Andrea
id: '223776'
last_name: Ehrmann
orcid: 0000-0003-0695-3905
citation:
alphadin: 'Kozior, Tomasz ; Trabelsi, Marah ; Mamun,
Al ; Sabantina, Lilia ; Ehrmann, Andrea: Stabilization of Electrospun
Nanofiber Mats Used for Filters by 3D Printing . In: Polymers Bd. 11, MDPI
(2019), Nr. 10'
ama: Kozior T, Trabelsi M, Mamun A, Sabantina L, Ehrmann A. Stabilization of Electrospun
Nanofiber Mats Used for Filters by 3D Printing . Polymers. 2019;11(10).
doi:10.3390/polym11101618
apa: Kozior, T., Trabelsi, M., Mamun, A., Sabantina, L., & Ehrmann, A. (2019). Stabilization
of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Used for Filters by 3D Printing . Polymers,
11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101618
bibtex: '@article{Kozior_Trabelsi_Mamun_Sabantina_Ehrmann_2019, title={ Stabilization
of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Used for Filters by 3D Printing }, volume={11},
DOI={10.3390/polym11101618},
number={101618}, journal={Polymers}, publisher={MDPI}, author={Kozior, Tomasz
and Trabelsi, Marah and Mamun, Al and Sabantina, Lilia and Ehrmann, Andrea}, year={2019}
}'
chicago: Kozior, Tomasz, Marah Trabelsi, Al Mamun, Lilia Sabantina, and Andrea Ehrmann.
“ Stabilization of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Used for Filters by 3D Printing
.” Polymers 11, no. 10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101618.
ieee: T. Kozior, M. Trabelsi, A. Mamun, L. Sabantina, and A. Ehrmann, “ Stabilization
of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Used for Filters by 3D Printing ,” Polymers,
vol. 11, no. 10, 2019.
mla: Kozior, Tomasz, et al. “ Stabilization of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Used for
Filters by 3D Printing .” Polymers, vol. 11, no. 10, 1618, MDPI, 2019,
doi:10.3390/polym11101618.
short: T. Kozior, M. Trabelsi, A. Mamun, L. Sabantina, A. Ehrmann, Polymers 11 (2019).
date_created: 2019-10-06T09:19:53Z
date_updated: 2021-01-18T15:32:28Z
ddc:
- '670'
department:
- _id: '103'
doi: 10.3390/polym11101618
file:
- access_level: open_access
content_type: application/pdf
creator: aehrmann
date_created: 2019-10-06T09:18:09Z
date_updated: 2019-10-06T09:18:09Z
file_id: '600'
file_name: _2019_Kozior_Polymers11_1618.pdf
file_size: 1442387
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2019-10-06T09:18:09Z
funded_apc: '1'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 11'
issue: '10'
keyword:
- nanofiber mat
- electrospinning
- water filter
- 3D printing
- FDM printing
- adhesion
- stabilization
- carbonization
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
publication: Polymers
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: ' Stabilization of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Used for Filters by 3D Printing '
type: journal_article
user_id: '237837'
volume: 11
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '623'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Electrospinning is a frequently used method to prepare air and water
filters. Electrospun nanofiber mats can have very small pores, allowing for filtering
of even the smallest particles or molecules. In addition, their high surface-to-volume
ratio allows for the integration of materials which may additionally treat the
filtered material through photo-degradation, possess antimicrobial properties,
etc., thus enhancing their applicability. However, the fine nanofiber mats are
prone to mechanical damage. Possible solutions include reinforcement by embedding
them in composites or gluing them onto layers that are more mechanically stable.
In a previous study, we showed that it is generally possible to stabilize electrospun
nanofiber mats by 3D printing rigid polymer layers onto them. Since this procedure
is not technically easy and needs some experience to avoid delamination as well
as damaging the nanofiber mat by the hot nozzle, here we report on the reversed
technique (i.e., first 3D printing a rigid scaffold and subsequently electrospinning
the nanofiber mat on top of it). We show that, although the adhesion between both
materials is insufficient in the case of a common rigid printing polymer, nanofiber
mats show strong adhesion to 3D printed scaffolds from thermoplastic polyurethane
(TPU). This paves the way to a second approach of combining 3D printing and electrospinning
in order to prepare mechanically stable filters with a nanofibrous surface.
article_number: '2034'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tomasz
full_name: Kozior, Tomasz
last_name: Kozior
- first_name: Al
full_name: Mamun, Al
last_name: Mamun
- first_name: Marah
full_name: Trabelsi, Marah
last_name: Trabelsi
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Wortmann, Martin
last_name: Wortmann
- first_name: Sabantina
full_name: Lilia, Sabantina
last_name: Lilia
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Ehrmann, Andrea
last_name: Ehrmann
date_created: 2021-01-03T13:28:16Z
date_updated: 2021-01-18T15:32:28Z
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: '103'
doi: 10.3390/polym11122034
file:
- access_level: open_access
content_type: application/pdf
creator: aehrmann
date_created: 2021-01-03T13:27:23Z
date_updated: 2021-01-03T13:27:23Z
file_id: '624'
file_name: _2019_Kozior_Polymers11_02034_corr.pdf
file_size: 4911061
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-01-03T13:27:23Z
funded_apc: '1'
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 11'
issue: '12'
keyword:
- electrospinning
- 3D printing
- FDM printing
- nanofiber mat
- adhesion
- water filter
language:
- iso: eng
oa: '1'
publication: Polymers
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2073-4360
publication_status: published
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Electrospinning on 3D Printed Polymers for Mechanically Stabilized Filter Composites
type: journal_article
user_id: '223776'
volume: 11
year: '2019'
...